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# Research talks  | enregistrements trouvés : 975

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## Post-edited  Sampling algorithms and phase transitions Randall, Dana | CIRM (Editeur )

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods have become ubiquitous across science and engineering to model dynamics and explore large combinatorial sets. Over the last 20 years there have been tremendous advances in the design and analysis of efficient sampling algorithms for this purpose. One of the striking discoveries has been the realization that many natural Markov chains undergo phase transitions, whereby they abruptly change from being efficient to inefficient as some parameter of the system is modified. Generating functions can offer an alternative approach to sampling and they play a role in showing when certain Markov chains are efficient or not. We will explore the interplay between Markov chains, generating functions, and phase transitions for a variety of combinatorial problems, including graded posets, Boltzmann sampling, and 3-colorings on $Z^{2}$.
Markov chain Monte Carlo methods have become ubiquitous across science and engineering to model dynamics and explore large combinatorial sets. Over the last 20 years there have been tremendous advances in the design and analysis of efficient sampling algorithms for this purpose. One of the striking discoveries has been the realization that many natural Markov chains undergo phase transitions, whereby they abruptly change from being efficient to ...

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## Post-edited  The conjugacy problem for polynomially growing elements of $Out(F_{n})$ Feighn, Mark (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

(joint work with Michael Handel) $Out(F_{n}) := Aut(F_{n})/Inn(F_{n})$ denotes the outer automorphism group of the rank n free group $F_{n}$. An element $f$ of $Out(F_{n})$ is polynomially growing if the word lengths of conjugacy classes in Fn grow at most polynomially under iteration by $f$. The existence in $Out(F_{n}), n > 2$, of elements with non-linear polynomial growth is a feature of $Out(F_{n})$ not shared by mapping class groups of surfaces.
To avoid some finite order behavior, we restrict attention to the subset $UPG(F_{n})$ of $Out(F_{n})$ consisting of polynomially growing elements whose action on $H_{1}(F_{n}, Z)$ is unipotent. In particular, if $f$ is polynomially growing and acts trivially on $H_{1}(F_{n}, Z_{3})$ then $f$ is in $UPG(F_{n})$ and further every polynomially growing element of $Out(F_{n})$ has a power that is in $UPG(F_{n})$. The goal of the talk is to describe an algorithm to decide given $f,g$ in $UPG(F_{n})$ whether or not there is h in $Out(F_{n})$ such that $hf h^{-1} = g$.
The conjugacy problem for linearly growing elements of $UPG(F_{n})$ was solved by Cohen-Lustig. Krstic-Lustig-Vogtmann solved the case of linearly growing elements of $Out(F_{n})$.
A key technique is our use of train track representatives for elements of $Out(F_{n})$, a method pioneered by Bestvina-Handel in the early 1990s that has since been ubiquitous in the study of $Out(F_{n})$.
(joint work with Michael Handel) $Out(F_{n}) := Aut(F_{n})/Inn(F_{n})$ denotes the outer automorphism group of the rank n free group $F_{n}$. An element $f$ of $Out(F_{n})$ is polynomially growing if the word lengths of conjugacy classes in Fn grow at most polynomially under iteration by $f$. The existence in $Out(F_{n}), n > 2$, of elements with non-linear polynomial growth is a feature of $Out(F_{n})$ not shared by mapping class groups of ...

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## Post-edited  The symplectic type of congruences between elliptic curves Cremona, John (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

In this talk I will describe a systematic investigation into congruences between the mod $p$ torsion modules of elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$. For each such curve $E$ and prime $p$ the $p$-torsion $E[p]$ of $E$, is a 2-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ which carries a Galois action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$. The structure of this $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$-module is very well understood, thanks to the work of J.-P. Serre and others. When we say the two curves $E$ and $E'$ are ”congruent” we mean that $E[p]$ and $E'[p]$ are isomorphic as $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$-modules. While such congruences are known to exist for all primes up to 17, the Frey-Mazur conjecture states that p is bounded: more precisely, that there exists $B$ > 0 such that if $p > B$ and $E[p]$ and $E'[p]$ are isomorphic then $E$ and $E'$ are isogenous. We report on work toward establishing such a bound for the elliptic curves in the LMFDB database. Secondly, we describe methods for determining whether or not a given isomorphism between $E[p]$ and $E'[p]$ is symplectic (preserves the Weil pairing) or antisymplectic, and report on the results of applying these methods to the curves in the database.
This is joint work with Nuno Freitas (Warwick).
In this talk I will describe a systematic investigation into congruences between the mod $p$ torsion modules of elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$. For each such curve $E$ and prime $p$ the $p$-torsion $E[p]$ of $E$, is a 2-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ which carries a Galois action of the absolute Galois group $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$. The structure of this $G_{\mathbb{Q}}$-module is very well understood, thanks to the work of ...

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## Post-edited  Graphon mean field games and the GMFG equations Caines, Peter E. (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

Very large networks linking dynamical agents are now ubiquitous and there is significant interest in their analysis, design and control. The emergence of the graphon theory of large networks and their infinite limits has recently enabled the formulation of a theory of the centralized control of dynamical systems distributed on asymptotically infinite networks [Gao and Caines, IEEE CDC 2017, 2018]. Furthermore, the study of the decentralized control of such systems has been initiated in [Caines and Huang, IEEE CDC 2018] where Graphon Mean Field Games (GMFG) and the GMFG equations are formulated for the analysis of non-cooperative dynamical games on unbounded networks. In this talk the GMFG framework will be first be presented followed by the basic existence and uniqueness results for the GMFG equations, together with an epsilon-Nash theorem relating the infinite population equilibria on infinite networks to that of finite population equilibria on finite networks.
Very large networks linking dynamical agents are now ubiquitous and there is significant interest in their analysis, design and control. The emergence of the graphon theory of large networks and their infinite limits has recently enabled the formulation of a theory of the centralized control of dynamical systems distributed on asymptotically infinite networks [Gao and Caines, IEEE CDC 2017, 2018]. Furthermore, the study of the decentralized ...

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## Post-edited  $L^2$ curvature for surfaces in Riemannian manifolds Kuwert, Ernst (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

For surfaces immersed into a compact Riemannian manifold, we consider the curvature functional given by the $L^{2}$ integral of the second fundamental form. We discuss an area bound in terms of the energy, with application to the existence of minimizers. This is joint work with V. Bangert.

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## Post-edited  Understanding the growth of Laplace eigenfunctions (part 1 of 2) Canzani, Yaiza (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

In this talk we will discuss a new geodesic beam approach to understanding eigenfunction concentration. We characterize the features that cause an eigenfunction to saturate the standard supremum bounds in terms of the distribution of $L^{2}$ mass along geodesic tubes emanating from a point. We also show that the phenomena behind extreme supremum norm growth is identical to that underlying extreme growth of eigenfunctions when averaged along submanifolds. Using the description of concentration, we obtain quantitative improvements on the known bounds in a wide variety of settings.
In this talk we will discuss a new geodesic beam approach to understanding eigenfunction concentration. We characterize the features that cause an eigenfunction to saturate the standard supremum bounds in terms of the distribution of $L^{2}$ mass along geodesic tubes emanating from a point. We also show that the phenomena behind extreme supremum norm growth is identical to that underlying extreme growth of eigenfunctions when averaged along ...

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## Post-edited  Gradient discretisations : tools and applications Eymard, Robert (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

Some convergence properties for the approximation of second order elliptic problems with a variety of boundary conditions (homogeneous Dirichlet, homogeneous or non-homogeneous Neumann or Fourier boundary conditions), using a given discretisation method, can be obtained when this method is plugged into the Gradient Discretisation Method (GDM) framework.
Instead of defining one GDM framework for each of these boundary conditions, we show that these properties can be stated using the same abstract tools for all the above boundary conditions. Then these tools enable the application of the GDM to a larger class of elliptic problems.
Some convergence properties for the approximation of second order elliptic problems with a variety of boundary conditions (homogeneous Dirichlet, homogeneous or non-homogeneous Neumann or Fourier boundary conditions), using a given discretisation method, can be obtained when this method is plugged into the Gradient Discretisation Method (GDM) framework.
Instead of defining one GDM framework for each of these boundary conditions, we show that ...

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## Post-edited  ​Modelling of errors in photoacoustic tomography Tarvainen, Tanja (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

​We consider photoacoustic tomography in the presence of approximation and modelling errors. The inverse problem, i.e. estimation of the initial pressure from photoacoustic time-series measured on the boundary of the target, is approached in the framework of Bayesian inverse problems. The posterior distribution is examined in situations in which the forward model contains errors or uncertainties for example due to numerical approximations or uncertainties in the acoustic parameters. Modelling of these errors and its impact on the posterior distribution are investigated.
This is joint work with Teemu Sahlstrm, Jenni Tick and Aki Pulkkinen.
​We consider photoacoustic tomography in the presence of approximation and modelling errors. The inverse problem, i.e. estimation of the initial pressure from photoacoustic time-series measured on the boundary of the target, is approached in the framework of Bayesian inverse problems. The posterior distribution is examined in situations in which the forward model contains errors or uncertainties for example due to numerical approximations or ...

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## Post-edited  On the general linear group over arithmetic orders and corresponding cohomology groups Schwermer, Joachim (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

Orders in finite-dimensional algebras over number fi give rise to interesting locally symmetric spaces and algebraic varieties. Hilbert modular varieties or arithmetically defined hyperbolic 3-manifolds, compact ones as well as noncompact ones, are familiar examples. In this talk we discuss various cases related to the general linear group $GL(2)$ over orders in division algebras defined over some number field. Geometry, arithmetic, and the theory of automorphic forms are interwoven in a most fruitful way in this work. Finally we indicate a construction of non-vanishing square-integrable cohomology classes for such arithmetically defined groups.
Orders in finite-dimensional algebras over number fi give rise to interesting locally symmetric spaces and algebraic varieties. Hilbert modular varieties or arithmetically defined hyperbolic 3-manifolds, compact ones as well as noncompact ones, are familiar examples. In this talk we discuss various cases related to the general linear group $GL(2)$ over orders in division algebras defined over some number field. Geometry, arithmetic, and the ...

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## Post-edited  ​Construction of lattices defining fake projective planes - Lecture 1 Cartwright, Donald I. (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

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## Post-edited  ​Construction of lattices defining fake projective planes - Lecture 2 Cartwright, Donald I. (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

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## Post-edited  Improved bounds for jet differential operators and the Kobayashi conjecture Demailly, Jean-Pierre (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

We will discuss several new ideas that can show the existence of jet differential operators on arbitrary projective varieties, and also on general hypersurfaces of $\mathbb{P}^n$ of sufficiently high degree. These results can be applied to improve degree bounds in several hyperbolicity problems and especially in the proof of the Kobayashi conjecture.

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## Post-edited  ​On the Lüroth problem for real varieties Benoist, Olivier (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

The Lüroth problem asks whether every unirational variety is rational. Over the complex numbers, it has a positive answer for curves and surfaces, but fails in higher dimensions. In this talk, I will consider the Lüroth problem for real algebraic varieties that are geometrically rational, and explain a counterexample not accounted for by the topology of the real locus or by unramified cohomology. This is joint work with Olivier Wittenberg.

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## Post-edited  Algebraicity of the metric tangent cones Wang, Xiaowei (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

We proved that any K-semistable log Fano cone admits a special degeneration to a uniquely determined K-polystable log Fano cone. This confirms a conjecture of Donaldson-Sun stating that the metric tangent cone of any close point appearing on a Gromov-Hausdorff limit of Kähler-Einstein Fano manifolds depends only on the algebraic structure of the singularity. This is a joint work with Chi Li and Chenyang Xu.

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## Post-edited  On the existence of algebraic approximations of compact Kähler manifolds Lin, Hsueh-Yung (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold. The so-called Kodaira problem asks whether $X$ has arbitrarily small deformations to some projective varieties. While Kodaira proved that such deformations always exist for surfaces. Starting from dimension 4, there are examples constructed by Voisin which answer the Kodaira problem in the negative. In this talk, we will focus on threefolds, as well as compact Kähler manifolds of algebraic dimension $a(X) = dim(X) -1$. We will explain our positive solution to the Kodaira problem for these manifolds.
Let $X$ be a compact Kähler manifold. The so-called Kodaira problem asks whether $X$ has arbitrarily small deformations to some projective varieties. While Kodaira proved that such deformations always exist for surfaces. Starting from dimension 4, there are examples constructed by Voisin which answer the Kodaira problem in the negative. In this talk, we will focus on threefolds, as well as compact Kähler manifolds of algebraic dimension $a(X) = ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Post-edited Intermittent weak solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations Vicol, Vlad (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur ) ​I will discuss recent developments concerning the non-uniqueness of distributional solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation. Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Post-edited Bayesian econometrics in the Big Data Era Frühwirth-Schnatter, Sylvia (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur ) Data mining methods based on finite mixture models are quite common in many areas of applied science, such as marketing, to segment data and to identify subgroups with specific features. Recent work shows that these methods are also useful in micro econometrics to analyze the behavior of workers in labor markets. Since these data are typically available as time series with discrete states, clustering kernels based on Markov chains with group-specific transition matrices are applied to capture both persistence in the individual time series as well as cross-sectional unobserved heterogeneity. Markov chains clustering has been applied to data from the Austrian labor market, (a) to understanding the effect of labor market entry conditions on long-run career developments for male workers (Frühwirth-Schnatter et al., 2012), (b) to study mothers’ long-run career patterns after first birth (Frühwirth-Schnatter et al., 2016), and (c) to study the effects of a plant closure on future career developments for male worker (Frühwirth-Schnatter et al., 2018). To capture non- stationary effects for the later study, time-inhomogeneous Markov chains based on time-varying group specific transition matrices are introduced as clustering kernels. For all applications, a mixture-of-experts formulation helps to understand which workers are likely to belong to a particular group. Finally, it will be shown that Markov chain clustering is also useful in a business application in marketing and helps to identify loyal consumers within a customer relationship management (CRM) program. Data mining methods based on finite mixture models are quite common in many areas of applied science, such as marketing, to segment data and to identify subgroups with specific features. Recent work shows that these methods are also useful in micro econometrics to analyze the behavior of workers in labor markets. Since these data are typically available as time series with discrete states, clustering kernels based on Markov chains with ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Post-edited Were the foundations of measurement without theory laid in the 1920s? Pradier, Pierre-Charles (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur ) In his 1947 essay, Tjalling Koopmans criticized the development of an empirical science that had no theoretical basis, what he referred to as measurement without theory. The controversy over the status of relations based on mere statistical inference has not ceased since then. Instead of looking for the contemporary consequences, however, I will inquire into its early beginnings. As early as the 1900s, Walras, Pareto and Juglar exchanged views on the status of theory and its relation to economic data. These private exchanges acquired the status of scientific controversy in the aftermath of the First World War, with the dissemination of Pareto’s work. It is precisely this moment that I will try to grasp, when engineers began to read and write pure economic treatises, questioning the relation between theory and empirical problems, the nature of their project and the expectations that the subsequent development of economics has tried to fulfill. Cournot Centre session devoted to the transformations that took place in mathematical economics during the interwar period. In his 1947 essay, Tjalling Koopmans criticized the development of an empirical science that had no theoretical basis, what he referred to as measurement without theory. The controversy over the status of relations based on mere statistical inference has not ceased since then. Instead of looking for the contemporary consequences, however, I will inquire into its early beginnings. As early as the 1900s, Walras, Pareto and Juglar exchanged views ... Déposez votre fichier ici pour le déplacer vers cet enregistrement. ## Post-edited ​​​Growth of normalizing sequences in limit theorems Gouëzel, Sébastien (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur ) ​Assume that a renormalized Birkhoff sum$S_n f/B_n$converges in distribution to a nontrivial limit. What can one say about the sequence$B_n$? Most natural statements in the literature involve sequences$B_n$of the form$B_n = n^\alpha L(n)$, where$L$is slowly varying. We will discuss the possible growth rate of$B_n$both in the probability preserving case and the conservative case. In particular, we will describe examples where$B_n$grows superpolynomially, or where$B_{n+1}/B_n$does not tend to$1$. ​Assume that a renormalized Birkhoff sum$S_n f/B_n$converges in distribution to a nontrivial limit. What can one say about the sequence$B_n$? Most natural statements in the literature involve sequences$B_n$of the form$B_n = n^\alpha L(n)$, where$L$is slowly varying. We will discuss the possible growth rate of$B_n$both in the probability preserving case and the conservative case. In particular, we will describe examples where$B_n\$ ...

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## Post-edited  Multiple Bernoulli series and volumes of moduli spaces of flat bundles over surfaces Boysal, Arzu (Auteur de la Conférence) | CIRM (Editeur )

Using Szenes formula for multiple Bernoulli series, we explain how to compute Witten series associated to classical Lie algebras. Particular instances of these series compute volumes of moduli spaces of flat bundles over surfaces, and also certain multiple zeta values.
This is joint work with V. Baldoni and M. Vergne.

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