Gyrokinetic simulation is considered to be an essential tool to study turbulent transport driven by micro-scale instabilities in tokamak plasmas. It is roughly categorized into two approaches; delta-$f$ local and full-$f$ global approaches. In full-$f$ approach, both turbulent transport and profile evolutions are solved self-consistently under the power balance between external heat source/sink. In this talk, we address (A) numerical technique to treat such full-$f$ gyrokinetic Vlasov-Poisson equations [1] and (B) characteristics of global ion-scale turbulence and transport barrier [2]. We also discuss (C) the role of stable modes in collisionless or weakly collisional plasmas [3].[-]