We consider an acoustic waveguide modeled as follows:

$ \left \{\begin {matrix}
\Delta u+k^2(1+V)u=0& in & \Omega= \mathbb{R} \times]0,1[\\
\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=0& on & \partial \Omega
\end{matrix}\right.$

where $u$ denotes the complex valued pressure, k is the frequency and $V \in L^\infty(\Omega)$ is a compactly supported potential.
It is well-known that they may exist non trivial solutions $u$ in $L^2(\Omega)$, called trapped modes. Associated eigenvalues $\lambda = k^2$ are embedded in the essential spectrum $\mathbb{R}^+$. They can be computed as the real part of the complex spectrum of a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem, defined by using the so-called Perfectly Matched Layers (which consist in a complex dilation in the infinite direction) [1].
We show here that it is possible, by modifying in particular the parameters of the Perfectly Matched Layers, to define new complex spectra which include, in addition to trapped modes, frequencies where the potential $V$ is, in some sense, invisible to one incident wave.
Our approach allows to extend to higher dimension the results obtained in [2] on a 1D model problem.[-]

We investigate the gyrokinetic limit for the two-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson system in a regime studied by F. Golse and L. Saint-Raymond [1, 3]. First we establish the convergence towards the Euler equation under several assumptions on the energy and on the norms of the initial data. Then we analyze the asymptotics for a Vlasov-Poisson system describing the interaction of a bounded density of particles with a moving point charge, characterized by a Dirac mass in the phase-space.[-]

A common way to prove global well-posedness of free boundary problems for incompressible viscous fluids is to transform the equations governing the fluid motion to a fixed domain with respect to the time variable. An elegant and physically reasonable way to do this is to introduce Lagrangian coordinates. These coordinates are given by the transformation rule

$x(t)=\xi +\int_{0}^{t}u(\tau ,\xi ) d\tau $

where $u(\tau ,\xi )$ is the velocity vector of the fluid particle at time $\tau$ that initially started at position $\xi$. The variable $x(t)$ is then the so-called Eulerian variable and belongs to the coordinate frame where the domain that is occupied by the fluid moves with time.The variable $\xi$ is the Lagrangian variable that belongs to time fixed variables. In these coordinates the fluid only occupies the domain $\Omega_{0}$ that is occupied at initial time t = 0.
To prove a global existence result for such a problem, it is important to guarantee the invertibility of this coordinate transform globally in time. By virtue of the inverse function theorem, this is the case if

$\nabla_{\xi }x(t)=Id+\int_{0}^{t}\nabla_{\xi }u(\tau ,\xi )d\tau $

is invertible. By using a Neumann series argument, this is invertible, if the integral termon the right-hand side is small in $L^{\infty }(\Omega _{0})$. Thus, it is important to have a global control of this $L^{1}$-time integral with values in $L^{\infty }(\Omega _{0})$. If the domain is bounded, this can be controlled by exponential decay properties of the corresponding semigroup operators that describe the motion of the linearized fluid equation. On unbounded domains, however, these decay properties are not true anymore. While there are technical possibilities to fix these problems if the boundary is compact, these fixes cease to work if the boundary is non-compact.
As a model problem, we consider the case where $\Omega _{0}$ is the upper half-space. To obtain estimates of the $L^{1}$-time integral we use the theorem of Da Prato and Grisvard of 1975 about maximal regularity in real interpolation spaces. The need of global in timecontrol, however, makes it necessary to work out a version of this theorem that involves “homogeneous” estimates only (this was also done in the book of Markus Haase). In the talk, we show how to obtain this global Lagrangian coordinate transform from this theorem of Da Prato and Grisvard.[-]

The purpose of this talk is to present two 1d congestion models: a soft congestion model with a singular pressure, and a hard congestion model in which the dynamic is different in the congested and non-congested zone (incompressible vs. compressible dynamic). The hard congested model is the limit of the soft one as the parameter within the singular presure vanishes.
For each model, we prove the existence of traveling waves, and we study their stability. This is a joint work with Charlotte Perrin.[-]

In this talk, after reviewing the work on global well-posedness of the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff with algebraic decay tails, we will present a recent work on the global weighted $L^{\infty}$-solutions to the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff in the regime close to equilibrium. A De Giorgi type argument, well developed for diffusion equations, is crafted in this kinetic context with the help of the averaging lemma. More specifically, we use a strong averaging lemma to obtain suitable $L^{p}$ estimates for level-set functions. These estimates are crucial for constructing an appropriate energy functional to carry out the De Giorgi argument. Then we extend local solutions to global by using the spectral gap of the linearized Boltzmann operator with the convergence to the equilibrium state obtained as a byproduct. This result fill in the gap of well-posedness theory for the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff in the $L^{\infty}$ framework. The talk is based on the joint works with Ricardo Alonso, Yoshinori Morimoto and Weiran Sun.[-]

The purpose of these lectures is to present general methods to construct boundary layers both in linear and nonlinear contexts. We will explain how the boundary layer sizes and profiles can be predicted in linear cases, together with some decay estimates. We will illustrate this method with several explicit examples: Ekman layers, reflection of internal waves in a stratified fluid. . . We will also tackle semilinear problems, adding for instance a convection term to the previous examples. Eventually, we will introduce some tools for the study of the Prandtl equation.[-]

In this course I will be covering three main topics. The first part will be concerning the NavierStokes and Euler equations - a quick survey. The second part will discuss the question of global regularity of certain geophysical flows. The third part about coupling the atmospheric models with the microphysics dynamics of moisture in warm clouds formation.
The basic problem faced in geophysical fluid dynamics is that a mathematical description based only on fundamental physical principles, which are called the 'Primitive Equations', is often prohibitively expensive computationally, and hard to study analytically. In these introductory lectures, aimed toward graduate students and postdocs, I will survey the mathematical theory of the 2D and 3D Navier-Stokes and Euler equations, and stress the main obstacles in proving the global regularity for the 3D case, and the computational challenge in their direct numerical simulations. In addition, I will emphasize the issues facing the turbulence community in their turbulence closure models. However, taking advantage of certain geophysical balances and situations, such as geostrophic balance and the shallowness of the ocean and atmosphere, I will show how geophysicists derive more simplified models which are easier to study analytically. In particular, I will prove the global regularity for 3D planetary geophysical models and the Primitive equations of large scale oceanic and atmospheric dynamics with various kinds of anisotropic viscosity and diffusion. Moreover, I will also show that for certain class of initial data the solutions of the inviscid 2D and 3D Primitive Equations blowup (develop a singularity).[-]

The purpose of these lectures is to present general methods to construct boundary layers both in linear and nonlinear contexts. We will explain how the boundary layer sizes and profiles can be predicted in linear cases, together with some decay estimates. We will illustrate this method with several explicit examples: Ekman layers, reflection of internal waves in a stratified fluid. . . We will also tackle semilinear problems, adding for instance a convection term to the previous examples. Eventually, we will introduce some tools for the study of the Prandtl equation.[-]

The purpose of these lectures is to present general methods to construct boundary layers both in linear and nonlinear contexts. We will explain how the boundary layer sizes and profiles can be predicted in linear cases, together with some decay estimates. We will illustrate this method with several explicit examples: Ekman layers, reflection of internal waves in a stratified fluid. . . We will also tackle semilinear problems, adding for instance a convection term to the previous examples. Eventually, we will introduce some tools for the study of the Prandtl equation.[-]