Multifractal properties of data coming from many scientific fields (especially in turbulence) are now rigorously established. Unfortunately, the parameters measured on these data do not correspond to those mathematically obtained for the typical (or almost sure) functions in the standard functional spaces: Hölder, Sobolev, Besov…
In this talk, we introduce very natural Besov spaces in which typical functions possess very rich scaling properties, mimicking those observed on data for instance. We obtain various characterizations of these function spaces, in terms of oscillations or wavelet coefficients.
Combining this with the construction of almost-doubling measures with prescribed scaling properties, we are able to bring a solution to the so-called Frisch-Parisi conjecture. This is a joint work with Julien Barral (Université Paris-Nord).[-]

W. Thurston's theorems almost all aim to give a purely topological problem an appropriate geometry, or to identify an appropriate obstruction.. We will illustrate this in two examples:
--The Thurston pullback map to make a rational map from a post-critically finite branched cover of the sphere, and
--The skinning lemma, to find a hyperbolic structure for a Haken 3-manifold.
In both cases, either the relevant map on Teichmüller space has a fixed point, solving the geometrization problem, or there is an obstruction consisting a multicurve.[-]