We will show how minimal dynamical systems and etale groupoids can be used to construct finitely generated simple groups with prescribed properties. For example, one can show that there are uncountably many different growth types (in particular quasi-isometry classes) among finitely generated simple groups, or embed the Grigorchuk group into a simple torsion group of intermediate growth. Other properties like torsion and amenability will be also discussed.[-]

One can associate with every finitely generated contracting self-similar group (for example, with the iterated monodromy group of a sub-hyperbolic rational function) and every positive $p$ the associated $\ell_{p}$-contraction coefficient. The critical exponent of the group is the infimum of the set of values of $p$ for which the $\ell_{p}$-contraction coefficient is less than 1. Another number associated with a contracting self-similar group is the Ahlfors-regular conformal dimension of its limit space. One can show that the critical exponent is not greater than the conformal dimension. However, the inequality may be strict. For example, the critical exponent is less than 1 for many groups of intermediate growth (while the corresponding conformal dimension is equal to 1 ). We will also discuss a related notion of the degree of complexity of an action of a group on a set.[-]