Résumé : Focusing X-ray optics are a key element for a variety of different X-ray experiments. For hard X-rays, several types of optics are available for this purpose, which allow efficient focusing from sub-millimeter to sub-10 nm range. This talk provides an overview of the state-of-the art and emphasizes pros and cons of the individual optics schemes, e.g. regarding photon energy range, efficiency, achievable focus size, working distance as well as considerations regarding the complexity of the fabrication and implementation to an experimental setup. The fabrication, characterization and application of Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLL) with long working distances is presented in detail.

Keywords : X-ray optics; X-ray multilayers; Multilayer Laue Lenses