The maximum score statistic is used to detect and estimate changes in the level, slope, or other local feature of a sequance of observations, and to segment the sequence xhen there appear to be multiple changes. Control of false positive errors when observations are auto-correlated is achieved by using a first order autoregressive model. True changes in level or slope can lead to badly biased estimates of the autoregressive parameter and variance, which can result in a loss of power. Modifications of the natural estimators to deal with this difficulty are partially successful. Applications to temperature time series, atmospheric CO2 levels, COVID-19 incidence, excess deaths, copy number variations, and weather extremes illustrate the general theory.
This is joint research with Xiao Fang.[-]