It goes back to Lagrange that a real quadratic irrational has always a periodic continued fraction. Starting from decades ago, several authors proposed different definitions of a $p$-adic continued fraction, and the definition depends on the chosen system of residues mod $p$. It turns out that the theory of p-adic continued fractions has many differences with respect to the real case; in particular, no analogue of Lagranges theorem holds, and the problem of deciding whether the continued fraction is periodic or not seemed to be not known until now. In recent work with F. Veneziano and U. Zannier we investigated the expansion of quadratic irrationals, for the $p$-adic continued fractions introduced by Ruban, giving an effective criterion to establish the possible periodicity of the expansion. This criterion, somewhat surprisingly, depends on the ‘real' value of the $p$-adic continued fraction.[-]

In previous work with Fehm we found that the existential theory of an equicharacteristic henselian valued field is axiomatised using the existential theory of its residue field. From this we deduced a transfer of decidability: for a complete theory $T$ of residue fields, the existential consequences of $T$ are decidable if and only if the existential consequences of the theory $H(T)$ are decidable, where $H(T)$ is 'equicharacteristic, henselian, and residue field models $T^{\prime}$. In more recent work with Dittmann and Fehm we considered a similar problem in which $H(T)$ is expanded to a theory that distinguishes a uniformizer, using an additional constant symbol. In this case Denef and Schoutens gave a transfer of existential decidability conditional on Resolution of Singularities. We introduce a consequence of Resolution and prove that it implies a similar transfer of existential decidability.In this talk I'll explain these results and describe ongoing work with Fehm in which we broaden the above setting to obtain versions of these transfer results that allow incomplete theories $T$. Consequently we find several existential theories Turing equivalent to the existential theory of $\mathbb{Q}$, including the existential theory of large fields.[-]